Design and Test of Broad Soil-covering Device for Orchard Straw Mulching Machine
Abstract
In response to the requirements of soil-covering with large width, thin thickness and high uniformity for mechanized soil-straw layered mulching technique in orchards, a supporting soil-covering device of orchard straw mulching machine was developed, which mainly consisted of a soil-taking screw, two soil-throwing wheels, a soil-collecting trough, and a soil-covering screw. The soil-taking screw with width of 1.5m provided a flat foundation for straw layer laying, ensuring a flat-covering of straw layer and uniformity of the thin soil layer. The soil-throwing wheels on both sides of the soil-taking screw threw the soil back into the soil-collecting trough, avoiding the stuck problem of the device caused by foreign objects such as gravel. With discrete element simulation, it was determined that the terminal double helix structure was adopted for the soil-taking screw, the number of the soil-throwing wheel blades was 10, and the blade deflection angle of the soil-throwing wheel was 10° to improve the soil-covering uniformity and reduce the power consumption. The field tests showed that the device had a soil-covering width of 1.5m and a thickness of 20.8~31.7mm. The coefficient of determination of the regression model for the standard deviation of the soil-covering thickness was 0.9342 with error of 1.8%. The optimal combination of operating parameters with the standard deviation of the soil-covering thickness as the response value was decided as the rotation speed of the soil-throwing wheel was 300r/min, the soil-throwing angle was 40°, and the soil-taking depth was 20mm. Under the combination, the soil-covering thickness was 22.9mm with standard deviation of 3.7mm, which met the requirements of soil-covering with thin thickness and high uniformity. The research realized the mechanization of the orchard soil-straw layered mulching agronomy and provided a method and equipment for orchard management in arid areas.
Keywords: arid orchard, straw mulching machine, synchronous soil-covering device, discrete element simulation
Download Full Text:
PDFReferences
ZHANG Liangxia, FAN Jiangwen, ZHANG Haiyan, et al. Spatial-temporal variations and their driving forces of the ecological vulnerability in the Loess Plateau[J]. Environmental Science, 2022, 43(9) ; 4902 -4910. (in Chinese)
TAN H, LIU Z, RAO W, et al. Stable isotopes of soil water: implications for soil water and shallow groundwater recharge in hill and gully regions of the Loess Plateau, China [ J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2017, 243: 1 -9.
XU J, LAN W, LI Y, et al. Evaporation-induced water and solute coupled transport in saline loess columns in closed and open systems [J] . Geofluids, 2019, 2019 : 3781410.
GE S, ZHU Z, PENG L, et al. Soil nutrient status and leaf nutrient diagnosis in the main apple producing regions in China [J] . Horticultural Plant Journal, 2018, 4(3) ; 89 -93.
WANG N, JOOST W, ZHANG F S. Towards sustainable intensification of apple production in China-yield gaps and nutrient use efficiency in apple farming systems [J] . Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(4) ; 716 -725.
SUO G D, XIE Y S, ZHANG Y, et al. Long-term effects of different surface mulching techniques on soil water and fruit yield in an apple orchard on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2019, 246: 643 -651.
CHANG L, HAN F, CHAI S, et al. Straw strip mulching affects soil moisture and temperature for potato yield in semiarid regions [J ]. Agronomy Journal, 2020, 112(2); 1126 -1139.
HOU X, LI R. Interactive effects of autumn tillage with mulching on soil temperature, productivity and water use efficiency of rainfed potato in Loess Plateau of China [J] . Agricultural Water Management, 2019, 224; 105747.
WANG Y, CAO L. The effects of tillage practices on interrill erosion in the red soil region of China [J] . Transactions of the ASABE, 2020, 63(1) : 211 -219.
HU Y, SUN B, WU S, et al. Soil carbon and nitrogen of wheat-maize rotation system under continuous straw and plastic mulch [J] . Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2021 , 119(2) : 181 - 193.
MA Z, ZHANG X, ZHENG B, et al. Effects of plastic and straw mulching on soil microbial P limitations in maize fields; dependency on soil organic carbon demonstrated by ecoenzymatic stoichiometry[ J ]. Geoderma, 2021 , 388; 114928.
WEBBER S M, BAILEY A P, HUXLEY T, et al. Traditional and cover crop-derived mulches enhance soil ecosystem services in apple orchards [J] . Applied Soil Ecology, 2022, 178; 104569.
ZHANG Jianbing, YANG Jinsong, YAO Rongjiang, et al. Dynamics of soil water, salt and crop growth under farmyard manure and mulching in coastal tidal flat soil of northern Jiangsu Province [ J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2013, 29( 15) ; 1 16 - 125. ( in Chinese)
GAO Z, XU Q, SI Q, et al. Effects of different straw mulch rates on the runoff and sediment yield of young citrus orchards with lime soil and red soil under simulated rainfall conditions in southwest China [J] . Water, 2022, 14(7) ; 1119.
PRATS S A, MERINO A, GONZALEZ-PEREZ J A, et al. Can straw-biochar mulching mitigate erosion of wildfire-degraded soils under extreme rainfall[ J ]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021 , 761 ; 143219.
WANG Qingjiang. Study on straw mulching model and straw mechanized mulching technology in apple orchard [D] . Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2017. (in Chinese)
XU Shaojie, ZHU Xinhua, WANG Dongvang. Design and experiment on straw mulching machine in arid orchards[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2019, 24(7) : 122 - 130. (in Chinese)
YANG S, SHE H, YANG S, et al. Design and experimental validation of improved grapevine burying machine [ J ]. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2018, 1 1(2) ; 95 - 100.
DU Wenbin, YANG Chunlei, YANG Jinpeng, et al. Design and experiment of cigar tobacco adjustable seed-plot ridging and film spreading machine [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2023, 54( 1 ) : 1 16 - 126, 295. ( in Chinese)
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
