Identification and Assessment of Superior Indonesian Soybean Cultivars Resistant to Mosaic and Mottling Viruses

Emerensiana Uge, Effi Alfiani Sidik, Hermawati Cahyaningrum, Sedyo Hartono, Yuliantoro Baliadi, Eriyanto Yusnawan, Alfi Inayati

Abstract

Mosaic and mottling viruses threaten soybean production worldwide, including Indonesia. The aims of this study were to characterize mosaic and mottling viruses from natural and artificially infected soybeans and other hosts and investigate the response of twelve soybean cultivars to potential resistance sources that can be incorporated into soybean breeding programs. Upon mechanical inoculation, seed transmission, and Bemisia tabaci and Aphis glycine vector transmission, mosaic, mottling, and local necrotic lesions developed within 6 to 14 days on soybeans and 11 to 27 days on alternate hosts. Disease incidence and severity in the vector-transmitted experiment were the highest compared with mechanical and seed transmissions. Out of the 12 soybean cultivars, five were categorized as resistant, six as moderately resistant, and one as susceptible. In this study, we observed that resistant cultivars performed with a higher number and weight of pods and better growth parameters such as plant height, number of fertile nodes, and biomass than moderately resistant and susceptible cultivars. Correlation analysis revealed a weak to moderate negative relationship between disease severity and all growth parameters and yields. Identification of causal symptoms using RT-PCR showed negative results for cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV) in all tested plants except Capsicum annuum. All soybean samples, including those from mechanical inoculation, seed testing, and vectors, were positive for potyvirus. Samples from the alternate hosts of Vigna unguiculata, Chenopodium amaranticolor, and Capsicum annuum were also positive for potyvirus. The remaining samples from Cucurbitaceae, Cucumis sativus, showed negative results for both targeted viruses. This study suggested that potyvirus infected Indonesian soybeans and selected alternate hosts that showed mosaic and mottling symptoms. The existence of potyvirus vectors, particularly in the virus-endemic areas, should be considered to reduce viral transmission in soybean plantations, considering the severe symptoms and disease incidence caused by these vectors.

Keywords: mosaics; mottling; soybean; transmission; vector; virus

 

DOI:10.62321/issn.1000-1298.2023.10.10

 


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