Identification and Assessment of Superior Indonesian Soybean Cultivars Resistant to Mosaic and Mottling Viruses
Abstract
Mosaic and mottling viruses threaten soybean production worldwide, including Indonesia. The aims of this study were to characterize mosaic and mottling viruses from natural and artificially infected soybeans and other hosts and investigate the response of twelve soybean cultivars to potential resistance sources that can be incorporated into soybean breeding programs. Upon mechanical inoculation, seed transmission, and Bemisia tabaci and Aphis glycine vector transmission, mosaic, mottling, and local necrotic lesions developed within 6 to 14 days on soybeans and 11 to 27 days on alternate hosts. Disease incidence and severity in the vector-transmitted experiment were the highest compared with mechanical and seed transmissions. Out of the 12 soybean cultivars, five were categorized as resistant, six as moderately resistant, and one as susceptible. In this study, we observed that resistant cultivars performed with a higher number and weight of pods and better growth parameters such as plant height, number of fertile nodes, and biomass than moderately resistant and susceptible cultivars. Correlation analysis revealed a weak to moderate negative relationship between disease severity and all growth parameters and yields. Identification of causal symptoms using RT-PCR showed negative results for cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV) in all tested plants except Capsicum annuum. All soybean samples, including those from mechanical inoculation, seed testing, and vectors, were positive for potyvirus. Samples from the alternate hosts of Vigna unguiculata, Chenopodium amaranticolor, and Capsicum annuum were also positive for potyvirus. The remaining samples from Cucurbitaceae, Cucumis sativus, showed negative results for both targeted viruses. This study suggested that potyvirus infected Indonesian soybeans and selected alternate hosts that showed mosaic and mottling symptoms. The existence of potyvirus vectors, particularly in the virus-endemic areas, should be considered to reduce viral transmission in soybean plantations, considering the severe symptoms and disease incidence caused by these vectors.
Keywords: mosaics; mottling; soybean; transmission; vector; virus
DOI:10.62321/issn.1000-1298.2023.10.10
Download Full Text:
PDFReferences
PUSDATIN. Outlook Komoditas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Kedelai. Jakarta: Center for Agricultural Data and Information Systems, Ministry of Agriculture, 2020.
TAUFIK M, BANDE L O S, HASAN A, et al. Incidence of soybean mosaic virus on soybean in Southeast Sulawesi. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020, 468, 012024.
SUTRAWATI M, HIDAYAT S H, SOEKARNO B P W, et al. Effect of initial inoculum level of Cowpea mild mottle Carlavirus on mottle disease development and yield of soybean. In: Proceedings of the International Seminar on Promoting Local Resources for Sustainable Agriculture and Development; Atlantis Press, 2021: 30–35. https://doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210609.005
YADAV M K, VERMA K, KUMAR S, et al. Screening of soybean genotypes against Cowpea mild mottle virus infection. Biological Forum - An International Journal, 2023, 15, 779–783.
ZHAO S, Y LI. Current understanding of the interplays between host hormones and plant viral infections. PLOS Pathogens, 2021, 17(2), e100924.
SULANDARI S, HARTONO S, MARYUDANI Y M S, et al. Detection and distribution of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and soybean stunt virus (SSV) at soybean production centers in Indonesia. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 2014, 18(2), 71–78.
SUTRAWATI M, HIDAYAT S H, SUASTIKA G, et al. Seed transmission of Cowpea mild mottle virus on several varieties soybean in Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 2021, 22, 4182–4185.
REHMAN F U, KALSOOM M, ADNAN M, et al. Soybean mosaic disease (SMD): a review. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021, 8, 12–16.
HAJIMORAD M R, DOMIER L L, TOLIN S A, et al. Soybean mosaic virus: a successful potyvirus with a wide distribution but restricted natural host range. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2018, 19, 1563–1579.
MAO C, SHAH S, HUANG Y, et al. The hypervariable N-terminal of soybean mosaic virus P1 protein influences its pathogenicity and host defense responses. Phytopathology Research, 2022, 4, 10.
RAHIM Y F, DAMAYANTI T A, GHULAMAHDI M. Responses of elite soybean varieties against cucumber mosaic virus strain soybean (CMV-S). Buletin Palawija, 2020, 18, 105–112.
KULSUM U, HARTONO S, SULANDARI S, et al. Molecular identification of Cowpea mild mottle virus. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 2016, 13(6), 224–229.
INAYATI A, MARWOTO. Effects of combination insecticide application and varieties on whitefly infestation and soybean yield. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 2012, 31(1), 13–21.
FAIZ M F, HIDAYAT P, WINASA I W, et al. Effect of soybean leaf trichomes on the preference of various soybean pests on field. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, 694, 012046.
LESTARI S M, HIDAYAT S H, HIDAYAT P, et al. Identification of begomoviruses associated with the insect vector Bemisia tabaci and various host plants on Java Island, Indonesia. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 2023, 112(2), e21984.
BELLO V H, DA SILVA F B, WATANABE L F M, et al. Detection of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean cryptic species on soybean in São Paulo and Paraná States (Brazil) and interaction of cowpea mild mottle virus with whiteflies. Plant Pathology, 2021, 70(6), 1508–1520.
PINHEIRO-LIMA B, PEREIRA-CARVALHO R C, ALVES-FREITAS D M T, et al. Transmission of the bean-associated cytorhabdovirus by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. Viruses, 2020, 12(9), 1028.
SINGHAL P, NABI S U, YADAV M K, et al. Mixed infection of plant viruses: diagnostics, interactions and impact on host. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 2020, 128, 353–368.
WIDYASARI K, ALAZEM M, KIM K H. Soybean resistance to soybean mosaic virus. Plants, 2020, 9(2), 219.
REDINBAUGH M G, STEWART L R. Maize lethal necrosis: an emerging, synergistic viral disease. Annual Review of Virology, 2018, 5, 301–322.
BIAN R L, ANDIKA I B, PANG T X, et al. Facilitative and synergistic interactions between fungal and plant viruses. Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences, 2020, 117(7), 3779–3788.
WEI Z, MAO C, JIANG C, et al. Identification of a new genetic clade of cowpea mild mottle virus and characterization of its interaction with soybean mosaic virus in co-infected soybean. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021, 12, 650773.
ODEDARA O O, D’HUGHES J A, ODEBODE A C, et al. Multiple virus infections of lablab [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] in Nigeria. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 2008, 74, 322–325.
ZUBAIDAH S, KUSWANTORO H, SALEH N. Penetapan skoring ketahanan tanaman kedelai terhadap CpMMV (Cowpea mild mottle virus). In: Seminar Nasional Biologi dengan Tema “Tumbuhan dan Peradaban Manusia”, 9 September 2006. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318030423_Penetapan_Skoring_Ketahanan_Tanaman_Kedelai_terhadap_CPMMV_Cowpea_mild_mottle_virus
MARIE-JEANNE V, IOOS R, PEYRE J, et al. Differentiation of Poaceae potyviruses by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and restriction analysis. Journal of Phytopathology, 2000, 148, 141–151.
UGE E, SULANDARI S, HARTONO S, et al. Cucumber mosaic virus on black pepper in Yogyakarta and Bangka Belitung. Jurnal FItopatologi Indonesia, 2019, 15(1), 1–8.
PAGÁN I. Transmission through seeds: the unknown life of plant viruses. PLOS Pathogens, 2022, 18(8), e1010707.
TODD J C, STEWART L R, REDINBAUGH M G, et al. Soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding behavior is largely unchanged by soybean mosaic virus but significantly altered by the beetle-transmitted bean pod mottle virus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2022, 115(4), 1059–1068.
GOSH S, GHANIM M. Factors determining transmission of persistent viruses by Bemisia tabaci and emergence of new virus-vector relationships. Viruses, 2021, 13(9), 1808.
GHOSH S, KANAKALA S, LEBEDEV G, et al. Transmission of a new polerovirus infecting pepper by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Journal of Virology, 2019, 93(15), e00488-19.
CORNEJO-FRANCO J F, REYES-PROAÑO E G, MOLLOV D, et al. Transmission and pathogenicity of papaya virus E: insights from an experimental papaya orchard. Plant Disease, 2022, 106, 685–690.
NEKKANTI A, CHAKRABORTY P, GHOSH A, et al. Transcriptomic changes of Bemisia tabaci Asia II 1 induced by chilli leaf curl virus trigger infection and circulation in its vector. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13, 890807.
SHADMANY M, BOYKIN L M, MUHAMAD R, et al. Genetic diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species complex across Malaysia. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2019, 112, 75–84.
TIAN B, GILDOW F E, STONE A L, et al. Aphid vectors impose a major bottleneck on soybean dwarf virus populations for horizontal transmission in soybean. Phytopathology Research, 2019, 1, 29.
MARTIN I R, VIGNE E, VELT A, et al. Severe stunting symptoms upon Nepovirus infection are reminiscent of a chronic hypersensitive-like response in a perennial woody fruit crop. Viruses, 2021, 13(11), 2138.
ZANINI A A, DI FEO L, LUNA D F, et al. Cassava common mosaic virus infection causes alterations in chloroplast ultrastructure, function, and carbohydrate metabolism of cassava plants. Plant Pathology, 2021, 70(1), 195–205.
ZAYNAB M, FARIMA M, ABBAS S, et al. Role of secondary metabolites in plant defense against pathogens. Microbial Pathogenesis, 2018, 124, 198–202.
PAUDEL D B, SANFACON H. Exploring the diversity of mechanisms associated with plant tolerance to virus infection. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018, 9, 1575.
EPPO STANDARD ON DIAGNOSTICS. PM 7/153 (1) Mechanical inoculation of test plants. EPPO Bulletin, 2022, 52(3), 693–703.
QIN L, SHEN W, TANG Z, et al. A newly identified virus in the family Potyviridae encodes two leader cysteine proteases in tandem that evolved contrasting RNA silencing suppression functions. Journal of Virology, 2020, 95, 14–20.
TANG M, FENG X. Bean common mosaic disease: etiology, resistance resource, and future prospects. Agronomy, 2023, 13(1), 58.
MHLANGA N M, MURPHY A M, WAMONJE F O, et al. An innate preference of bumblebees for volatile organic compounds emitted by Phaseolus vulgaris plants infected with three different viruses. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2021, 9, 626851.
WORRALL E A, BRAVO-CAZAR A, NILON A T, et al. Exogenous application of RNAi-inducing double-stranded RNA inhibits aphid-mediated transmission of a plant virus. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019, 10, 265.
WAMONJE F O, TUNGADI T D, MURPHY A M, et al. Three aphid-transmitted viruses encourage vector migration from infected common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants through a combination of volatile and surface cues. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020, 11, 613772.
AISHWARYA P, RANGASWAMY K T, BASAVARAJU S, et al. Evaluation of the seed-borne nature of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in cowpea. Intenational Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020, 9, 239–245.
FENG X, ORELLANA G E, MYERS J R, et al. Recessive resistance to bean common mosaic virus conferred by the bc-1 and bc-2 genes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) affects long-distance movement of the virus. Phytopathology, 2018, 108, 1011–1018.
YADAV D L, JAISANI P, PANDEY R N, et al. Detection and molecular characterization of bean common mosaic virus in mungbean. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2021, 9, 2996–3001.
RENTERÍA-CANETT I, XOCONOSTLE-CÁZARES B, RUIZ-MEDRANO R, et al. Geminivirus mixed infection on pepper plants: synergistic interaction between PHYVV and PepGMV. Virology Journal, 2011, 8, 104.
FADHILA C, LAL A, VO T T B, et al. The threat of seed-transmissible pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus in chili pepper. Microbial Pathogenesis, 2022, 143, 104132.
SELANGGA D G W, LISTIHANI. Molecular identification of pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus on chili pepper in Nusa Penida Island. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika, 2021, 21, 97–102.
KWON S J, HAN S J, KIM M H, et al. Ethylene emitted by viral pathogen-infected pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants is a volatile chemical cue that attracts aphid vectors. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2022, 13, 994314.
HEO K J, KWON S J, KIM M K, et al. Newly emerged resistance-breaking variants of cucumber mosaic virus represent ongoing host-interactive evolution of an RNA virus. Virus Evolution, 2020, 6(2), veaa070.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.