Dietary Medicinal Herbs Enhanced Hematological Status and Survival Rate of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.)

Irwan Effendi, Dessy Yoswaty, Henni Syawal, Brian Austin, Alastair Lyndon, Ronal Kurniawan, Sri Wahyuni

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of mango (Mangifera indica), guava (Psidium guajava), and noni leaves (Morinda citrifolia) on immunostimulating common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). This research was conducted using a one-factor completely randomized design consisting of experimental controls (commercial feed without phytoimmunostimulants = T0) and commercial feed supplemented with mango leaves (T1), guava leaves (T2), and noni leaves (T3). The fish were reared in floating net cages in the Koto Panjang PLTA Reservoir, Sumatra, Indonesia. Fish in groups of 100 were fed at 5% of body weight per day for 60 days with feed supplemented with 1.5 g of plant material/100 g of diet. The parameters observed were erythrocyte and leukocyte profiles and survival rates. The results showed that the addition of plant leaves to the feed significantly increased the profile of erythrocytes of common carp (P < 0.05) especially following supplementation with guava leaves. Here, the hematological profiles were erythrocytes (1.82-1.97 x 106 cells/mm3), hemoglobin (8.53-9.2 g/dL), hematocrit (35.67-39.67%,) total leukocytes (3.21-3.87 x 104 cells/mm3), phagocytic index (21.33-27.00%), lymphocytes (83.33-84.33%), monocytes (8.00-9.33%), neutrophils (7.33-7.67%), blood glucose (1.67-104 mg/dL) and survival rate (95.67%). The dietary use of mango, guava in particular, and noni leaves increased immunity of the fish, specifically total erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, leukocyte differentiation, phagocytosis index, blood glucose, and survival of common carp. The results of this study open up the possibility of producing commercial fish feed containing immunostimulants that are able to meet nutritional needs but at the same time provide disease immunity for fish.

 

Keywords: fish; immunostimulant; medicinal plants; guava; mango; noni

 


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